How it works
Google truncates titles and descriptions by pixel width, not character count. In Arial, i and l are narrow and M and W are wide.
Widths are measured with Arial's own character widths: titles at 20px against a 600px desktop cut-off (the convention SERP-preview tools use; Google publishes no limit), descriptions at 14px against about 920px on desktop and 680px on mobile, the figures most SERP-preview tools use.
Mobile titles wrap to a second line rather than being cut at a fixed width, so the title limit is the same 600px on both; the device selector changes the description limit.