What's the machine wear cost?
A $1.50/hour allowance covers tube life, cleaning consumables, and amortized maintenance for typical xTool/Glowforge-class machines.
How do I price design time?
Add it to labor — or charge a one-time setup fee on top of the per-piece retail price.
Should I price by the sheet or by the part?
Calculate your full per-sheet cost including material, power, wear, and labor, then divide by the number of finished parts that fit on the sheet. Pricing per part this way ensures offcuts and waste are still covered.
How much should I mark up for wholesale versus retail?
This calculator sets wholesale at 60% of retail, so at a 100% markup (retail at double cost) wholesale is only 1.2 times cost. If you want wholesale at about 1.5 times cost, enter a 150% markup, which puts retail at 2.5 times cost. Adjust based on your local market and whether the buyer resells in volume.